Kindergarten

Comprehend and analyze information from a variety of listening activities to ask and answer questions on social, academic, college, and career topics.

Contribute to discussions on a variety of social, academic, college, and career topics in diverse contexts and with different audiences.

Evaluate information and determine appropriate responses to answer questions effectively.

Contribute to social, academic, college, and career conversations using accurate and appropriate language.

Provide, justify, and defend opinions or positions in speech.

Adjust language choices according to the task, context, purpose, and audience.

Plan and deliver different types of oral presentations/reports to express information and support ideas in social, academic, college, and career settings.

Print concepts

Phonological awareness (rhyming, blending, segmentation, deletion, isolation, substitution)

Phonics and word recognition

Fluency

Read critically to make logical inferences and cite specific textual evidence to support conclusions drawn from the text.

Determine main ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development. Summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.

Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings. Analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.

Analyze the structure of a text, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., sections, chapters, scenes, or stanzas) relate to each other and to the whole.

Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text.

Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats.

Delineate and evaluate an author’s argument through evidence specified in a text.

Compare and contrast two or more authors’ presentations of similar themes or topics.

Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

Write arguments to support point of view using valid reasoning and relevant evidence.

Write informational texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

Write literary texts to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, details, and structure.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by using the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing, rewriting, and publishing).

Use technology, including the internet, to interact and collaborate with others and produce and publish writing.

Conduct research projects of varying lengths based on focused questions to demonstrate understanding of the subject.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Write routinely over short and extended periods of time for a variety of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Demonstrate command of English grammar and usage conventions.

Apply appropriate English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling conventions.

Demonstrate understanding of how language functions in different contexts, making effective choices for meaning, style, and comprehension.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting reference materials.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and variation in word meanings.

Accurately use a variety of social, academic, and content-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career-readiness level.

With guidance and support, listen to and interact with peers and teachers during read-alouds, social interactions, group activities, and informal oral presentations.

With guidance and support, engage in collaborative conversations and relate personal experience or story information by asking and answering simple yes/no, 5W, and 1H questions using gestures, words, and simple

Use common verbal and nonverbal gestures, single words, and simple phrases when interacting with others, retelling texts, and recounting experiences.

React to conversations, texts, and oral presentations orally or using physical actions and other means of nonverbal communication to show comprehension (e.g., to express feelings, opinions, etc.).

With guidance and support, offer opinions about a topic or text using simple single-word or short-phrase answers with respect and tolerance.

Describe personal experiences and familiar topics using vocabulary and details appropriate to the situation and filling in gaps in oral English with first language.

Plan and deliver brief oral presentations on a variety of familiar topics using illustrations, words, phrases, or vocabulary from a text. (e.g., integrating technological/digital resources)

Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.

Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).

Understand and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills to decode short and long sound patterns.

Read emergent reader texts with purpose and understanding.

With prompting and support, describe ideas, phenomena (e.g., parts of a plant), and textual elements (e.g., characters) based on understanding a variety of read-aloud texts or multimedia viewing.

Recognize common types of texts (e.g., storybooks, story organization [beginning, middle, and end], poems). Identify the front cover, back cover, and title page of the book.

Use illustrations (picture cues) to identify story details and categorize similarities and differences between characters and details within a variety of texts (e.g., nursery rhymes, folktales, etc.) or when viewing multimedia resources.

Begins in grade 1.

Actively engage in group read-alouds of nursery rhymes, folk tales, and developmentally appropriate poetry with purpose and understanding.

Use a combination of drawing and labeling to express preferences and opinions (e.g., My favorite book is . . .).

Use a combination of drawing and labeling to compose short informational texts to describe what they are writing about and supply some information about the topic.

Use a combination of copying, drawing, and labeling to narrate a single event or several loosely linked events. Talk about the events in the order in which they occurred. Provide a reaction to what happened.

Brainstorm ideas for writing by drawing illustrations.

With guidance and support from adults, explore a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including collaboration with peers.

Identify various sources that can be used to gather information (e.g., library books, magazines, the internet) or to answer questions (e.g., How do we find out?).

Remember information about experiences or gather information from various sources (e.g., word walls, book talks, weather charts, routine tasks) to answer a question.

With guidance and support, use a combination of drawing, dictating, invented and creative writing, and/or labeling a picture with a few words following a prompt.

Demonstrate command of English grammar and usage conventions when writing or speaking.

Demonstrate command of English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling conventions when writing.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrase-based on class reading and content area study, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and differences in word meanings.

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations or read-alouds or when responding to text.

Follow basic instructions and ask and answer routine questions appropriate to the topic.

Listen and respond to simple commands and 2-step instructions and directions.

Offer and respond to greetings/farewells using appropriate courtesy expressions.

Repeat and respond to chants, poems, songs, and rhymes using phrases, physical movement, etc.

Listen and respond to simple 5W and 1H questions.

Produce simple statements or beliefs using sentence starters or language models.

Retell simple events in a proper sequence, and describe familiar activities, topics, or objects in group, sharing activities and using gestures, key vocabulary, and simple phrases.

Recite, memorize, or present, rhymes, poems, or songs.

Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page.

Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters.

Recognize that the alphabet consists of consonants and vowels.

Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.

Recognize and name all upper- and lowercase letters of the alphabet.

Recognize that print conveys specific meaning and that pictures may support meaning.

Recognize, generate, and produce rhyming words, including nonsense words.

Identify syllables through actions (e.g., clapping).

Manipulate sounds and words in shared, guided, and independent activities, such as singing, chanting, or participating in finger plays.

Count, pronounce, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words.

Blend 2 and 3 phonemes to recognize words. Segment onsets and rimes (e.g., all, ap, op, ip, ug) of monosyllabic spoken words.

Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in 3-phoneme (short and long sound patterns). This does not include CVCs ending with /l/, /r/, or /x/.

Add or substitute individual sounds (phonemes) with 3 phonemes in simple, monosyllabic words to make new words.

Demonstrate basic knowledge of one-to-one letter-sound correspondences by producing the primary sounds or many of the most frequent sounds for each consonant (e.g., a, m, t, p, o, n, c, d).

Associate the long and short sounds with common spellings (graphemes) for the 5 major vowels. Identify which letters represent the 5 major vowels (Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, and Uu) and understand the long and short sound of each vowel. More complex long vowel graphemes and spellings are targeted in the grade 1 phonics standards.

Read common high-frequency words by sight (e.g., the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does) (50 or more).

Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.

Identify key details in a story read-aloud.

Identify key details of an informational text read-aloud.

Use the 5W and 1H questions to identify setting, characters, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a literary text.

Use the 5W and 1H questions to identify individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in an informational text read-aloud.

Ask and answer questions about unknown words in a literary text or use illustrations to help determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in a literary text.

Ask and answer questions or use illustrations to help determine or clarify the meaning of words in informational text.

Identify rhyme in a poem.

Name the author and illustrator of a story and define the role of each in telling the story.

Name the author and illustrator of an informational text and define the role of each in presenting the ideas or information.

Use titles, headings, and illustrations to predict and confirm text topics.

With prompting and support, identify the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories.

With prompting and support, identify basic similarities and differences between two informational texts on the same topic (e.g., illustrations, descriptions, or procedures).

With guidance and support, express opinions about a topic or text with at least one supporting reason.

Use a multimedia element to enhance a written task. Multimedia elements may include, but are not limited to, drawings, pictures, artifacts, audio, or digital representations. At this grade level, the element should relate to the task. It does not require but can include the use of computers.

Print all upper- and lowercase letters (the alphabet).

Use common nouns and present tense of basic verbs (e.g., I walk home.).

Produce simple sentences, phrases, or words with basic structure that include adjectives (e.g., The dog is big.).

Understand and use question words (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, and how)

Use the most frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., in, on, under).

Capitalize the first word in the sentence and the pronoun I.

Recognize and name end punctuation as a period.

Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short vowel sounds (phonemes).

Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships with correct spelling and spacing.

Consult reference materials, including picture dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings, finding words by the first letter.

Use context clues and illustrations to identify the meaning of unfamiliar words, including compound words. wo

Act out word meanings. Demonstrate increasing specificity of vocabulary (e.g., transitioning from calling something an animal to calling it a dog or a cat).

Recognize, sort, and classify common objects into basic categories (e.g., shapes, foods) to gain meaning. Relate vocabulary to background knowledge.

Make and explain connections between words and their usage including synonyms and antonyms (e.g., emotions: happy, sad, etc.; or family members: funny, old, etc.).