Scientific Research IV

SCSR: Scientific Research IV

SCSR.A: Characteristics of Science

SCSR.B: Academic Knowledge

SCSR.A.1: design and conduct scientific investigations

SCSR.A.2: apply standard safety practices for all classroom laboratory and field investigations

SCSR.A.3: use technology to collect, observe, measure, and analyze data and report findings

SCSR.A.4: use valid critical assumptions to draw conclusions

SCSR.A.5: apply computation and estimation skills necessary for analyzing data and developing conclusions

SCSR.A.6: communicate scientific information, ideas, and arguments clearly

SCSR.A.7: read scientific materials to establish context for subject matter, to develop vocabulary, and to be aware of current research

SCSR.B.8: read credible, peer-reviewed scientific literature to recognize and understand the elements of ethical scientific research; develop vocabulary and subject-related content knowledge; and become familiar with current research in the field, as well as the implications of the research

SCSR.B.9: use collaborative skills to inquire and explore research and career opportunities in science

SCSR.B.10: using knowledge obtained from scientific literature, design an ethical research-based experimental project that investigates questions or problems that can be answered through scientific inquiry

SCSR.B.11: conduct a complete, research-based scientific investigation including obtaining and documenting accurate data, performing data analysis, critiquing and modifying experimental protocols, and report findings

SCSR.B.12: clearly communicate the results and conclusions of a research-based scientific investigation

SCSR.B.13: explore the scope of funding, professional development, and collaboration within the scientific research community

SCSR.A.1.a: identify, develop, and investigate questions/problems that can be answered through scientific inquiry

SCSR.A.1.b: suggest hypotheses for identified problems

SCSR.A.1.c: develop procedures for solving scientific problems

SCSR.A.1.d: collect, organize, and record appropriate data

SCSR.A.1.e: recognize different explanations may be given for the same evidence

SCSR.A.1.f: explain further understanding of scientific problems relies on the design and execution of new experiments may reinforce or weaken explanations

SCSR.A.1.g: examine the role of curiosity and skepticism in scientific investigation

SCSR.A.1.h: recognize science disciplines differ from one another in what is studied, techniques used, and outcomes sought

SCSR.A.1.i: follow precisely a complex multi-step procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text

SCSR.A.1.j: conduct short, as well as more sustained, research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation

SCSR.A.2.a: follow correct procedures for use of scientific apparatus

SCSR.A.2.b: demonstrate appropriate techniques in all laboratory situations

SCSR.A.2.c: follow correct protocol for identifying and reporting safety problems and violations

SCSR.A.3.a: develop and use systematic procedures for recording and organizing information

SCSR.A.3.b: use graphical analysis software to produce tables/graphs and to determine constants in experiments

SCSR.A.3.c: use technology to develop, test, and revise experimental/mathematical models

SCSR.A.4.a: develop reasonable conclusions based on data collected

SCSR.A.4.b: evaluate whether conclusions are reasonable by reviewing the process and checking against other available information

SCSR.A.4.c: assess the quality of data critically for possible sources of bias

SCSR.A.4.d: distinguish among laws, theories, and inferences

SCSR.A.4.e: recognize the merit of a new theory is judged by how well scientific data are explained by the new theory

SCSR.A.4.f: cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account

SCSR.A.4.g: synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible

SCSR.A.4.h: draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research

SCSR.A.5.a: determine the source of large disparities between estimated and calculated results

SCSR.A.5.b: examine the possible effects of measurement errors on calculations

SCSR.A.5.c: explain the relationship between accuracy and precision

SCSR.A.5.d: express the appropriate number of significant figures for calculated data, using scientific notation where appropriate

SCSR.A.5.e: solve scientific problems by substituting quantitative values, using dimensional analysis and/or simple algebraic functions as appropriate

SCSR.A.5.f: compare and analyze data points graphically and/or with summary statistics

SCSR.A.6.a: write clear, coherent laboratory reports related to scientific investigations

SCSR.A.6.b: write clear, coherent accounts connecting scientific content including: procedures/experiments and current and historical scientific issues

SCSR.A.6.c: in written or oral presentations, use evidence, including data, to support scientific arguments and claims, and present possible alternative interpretations

SCSR.A.6.d: participate in group discussions of scientific investigations and current scientific issues

SCSR.A.6.e: use peer reviews to analyze accuracy of scientific writings/reports

SCSR.A.6.f: integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem

SCSR.A.6.g: produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience

SCSR.A.6.h: develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience

SCSR.A.6.i: use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information

SCSR.A.6.j: gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the specific task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation

SCSR.A.6.k: write routinely over extended time frames (time for reflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences

SCSR.A.7.a: read grade-level appropriate text (both informational and fictional) from a variety of genres and modes of discourse

SCSR.A.7.b: discuss messages and themes from text and relate to other subject areas

SCSR.A.7.c: use content vocabulary in writing and speaking

SCSR.A.7.d: apply strategies for determining content and contextual meaning for unknown words

SCSR.A.7.e: examine relationship between life experiences and subject-area content

SCSR.A.7.f: determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11-12 texts and topics

SCSR.A.7.g: analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas

SCSR.A.7.h: by the end of grade 12, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11-12 text complexity band independently and proficiently

SCSR.A.7.i: discuss the importance of curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism in science and exhibit these traits in efforts to understand how the world works

SCSR.B.8.a: locate credible scientific sources and distinguish from those that are not credible

SCSR.B.8.b: recognize and critique the author's purpose in writing and/or performing research

SCSR.B.8.c: analyze and critique hypotheses and theories presented in the literature in order to evaluate their merits, strengths, weaknesses, and the feasibility

SCSR.B.8.d: identify and evaluate the scientific methodology used by a researcher

SCSR.B.8.e: evaluate research design presented in literature to determine the purpose for each of the procedures performed and their ethical implications

SCSR.B.8.f: interpret scientific data presented in tables, graphs, and figures, as well as in written form

SCSR.B.8.g: compare and critique the relationship of a researcher's experimental hypothesis, protocol, and results to his or her conclusion

SCSR.B.8.h: identify limitations and possible ethical implications within a prescribed research process and provide recommendations for modification's and additional research

SCSR.B.8.i: identify and define content-specific vocabulary presented in scientific literature and be able to use this vocabulary in writing and speech

SCSR.B.8.j: understand and describe the major scientific discoveries in the field, as well as their impact on both society and future research

SCSR.B.9.a: identify a field of scientific research that is of interest and determine the field's educational requirements, internship options, entry-level positions, advancement opportunities, and significance

SCSR.B.9.b: establish and maintain communication with a mentor supervisor operating in the area of scientific research

SCSR.B.9.c: ask compelling questions to obtain knowledge about a mentor's research or area of expertise

SCSR.B.9.d: use various sources, including research and the mentor's knowledge and expertise, to gather information about current and future research, publication, and career opportunities

SCSR.B.9.e: create a research and career development plan for a field of science, including educational and experience milestones

SCSR.B.9.f: provide evidence of collaboration with a mentor by submitting monthly timesheets, supervisor evaluations, and written summaries of how mentor feedback has been incorporated into the research design

SCSR.B.9.g: conduct collaborative efforts in a professional manner

SCSR.B.10.a: utilize background research from credible scientific sources to develop a testable question

SCSR.B.10.b: suggest testable hypotheses for an identified scientific problem

SCSR.B.10.c: develop and implement ethical experimental procedures and protocols for solving a scientific problem and testing a hypothesis

SCSR.B.10.d: select appropriate materials and equipment to ensure experiments can be completed accurately and safely

SCSR.B.10.e: design methods based on safe and ethical practices

SCSR.B.10.f: complete and submit required forms and products according to university and school-level requirements

SCSR.B.11.a: use appropriate technology, techniques, and equipment to collect scientific data in various ways

SCSR.B.11.b: demonstrate proficiency in laboratory techniques used throughout the research process

SCSR.B.11.c: follow correct protocols for laboratory techniques and safety procedures that have been established by the mentor and/or created throughout the experimental design process

SCSR.B.11.d: organize and record data in a legal scientific notebook

SCSR.B.11.e: display all data with appropriate scientific notation and significant figures

SCSR.B.11.f: analyze and evaluate data, using appropriate statistical methods, in order to validate data, make inferences or predictions, and identify trends, patterns, and proportional relationships

SCSR.B.11.g: examine the possible effects of equipment, measurement, or operator errors

SCSR.B.11.h: use quantitative and qualitative data analysis to critique protocols, draw conclusions, and modify the experimental protocol when necessary

SCSR.B.11.i: recognize that testing and revising an experimental protocol is a continuous process in research

SCSR.B.12.a: develop reasonable conclusions that are based on statistically significant data observations

SCSR.B.12.b: evaluate whether conclusions are reasonable by reviewing the processes used to collect and analyze the data, comparing the results to scientific literature, and seeking feedback from a mentor scientist

SCSR.B.12.c: assess the quality of data critically for possible sources of error or bias

SCSR.B.12.d: write clear, coherent research documents related to scientific research, including experimental protocols and laboratory summaries

SCSR.B.12.e: use data as evidence to support conclusions in written and oral presentations

SCSR.B.12.f: participate in group discussions on scientific investigations and literature

SCSR.B.12.g: communicate experimental results and conclusions, clearly and effectively, by constructing graphs, tables, and charts for presentation

SCSR.B.13.a: recognize the required design and approval stages of experimental research in order to receive grant funding and publish data in a peer-reviewed journal

SCSR.B.13.b: demonstrate the ability to summarize scientific literature in order to provide rationale for a proposed experiment

SCSR.B.13.c: explore and discuss the public and private agencies that regulate research practices at local, national, and international levels

SCSR.B.13.d: explore the public and private agencies that financially support and promote career and education in the sciences

SCSR.B.13.e: demonstrate knowledge of funding guidelines by applying for a grant or scholarship

SCSR.B.13.f: present and receive feedback from the scientific community on an original research idea

SCSR.B.13.g: critically discuss the results and conclusions of a colleague's research experiment

SCSR.A.1.b1: recognize hypotheses often lead to the development of new experiments

SCSR.A.1.c1: control the conditions of scientific investigations

SCSR.A.1.f1: recognize testing, revising, and occasionally rejecting new and existing theories is a continuous process

SCSR.A.1.f2: recognize universal principles are discovered through observation and experimental verification and basic principles are the same everywhere (e.g., law of conservation of matter)

SCSR.A.1.f3: recognize major shifts in scientific views typically occur after the observation of a new phenomenon or the interpretation of existing data

SCSR.A.5.b1: relate the number of significant figures to precision of measuring instrument

SCSR.A.6.b1: develop topic by organizing ideas, making important connections and linking and clarifying relationships

SCSR.A.6.b2: support topic by using relevant facts, domain-specific vocabulary, and appropriate data representation, including graphics, tables, charts, and figures to aid comprehension

SCSR.A.6.b3: use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic and convey a style appropriate to the discipline and context as well as to the expertise of likely readers

SCSR.A.6.b4: establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which one is writing

SCSR.A.6.b5: provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic)

SCSR.A.6.c1: organize information in order to establish clear relationships between scientific arguments, reasons, and evidence

SCSR.A.6.c2: evaluate strengths and limitations of claims and counterclaims

SCSR.A.6.c3: provide a concluding statement or section that follows from or supports the argument presented

SCSR.A.7.a1: read technical text related to various subject areas (GPS)

SCSR.A.7.a2: determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler, but still accurate, terms

SCSR.A.7.b1: respond to text using multiple modes of discourse

SCSR.A.7.b2: evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information

SCSR.A.7.b3: analyze the author's purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved

SCSR.A.7.b4: examine the features of disciplinary texts