Standard set
Medical Anatomy and Physiology: Grades 10-12 (2018)
Standards
Showing 908 of 908 standards.
1
Body Plan and Organization-Students will explore and describe the body plan, organization, and homeostasis.
2
Basic Principles of Body Chemistry-Students will explain basic principles of body chemistry.
3
Cells-Students will describe basic concepts of structures and functions of cells.
4
Histology & Integumentary System-Students will describe basic concepts of structures and functions of histology, and the integumentary system.
5
Skeletal System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the skeletal system and its components.
6
Muscular System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the muscular system and its components.
7
Nervous System/Special Senses-Students will describe the structures and functions of the nervous system and special senses.
8
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the endocrine system.
9
Blood-Students will describe the components and functions associated with blood.
10
Lymphatic System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the lymphatic system.
11
Cardiovascular System-Students will describe the structures and functions of the cardiovascular system.
12
Respiratory System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the respiratory system.
13
Digestive System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the digestive system.
14
Urinary System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the urinary system.
15
Reproductive System-Students will describe the structures and functions associated with the reproductive system.
1.1
Contrast the sciences of anatomy with physiolog
1.2
Describe the six levels of structural organization of the human body and give an example of each level.
1.3
Describe the following:
1.4
Apply directional terms used in human anatomy.
1.5
Apply commonly used planes to divide the body.
1.6
Identify the body cavities and locate the following organs within each cavity.
1.7
Identify the major organ(s) in each abdominal quadrant.
1.8
Examine the relationship between homeostasis and stress.
1.9
Differentiate between negative and positive mechanisms. Give examples of each.
2.1
Review the following terms and concepts.
2.2
Identify the four major elements in the body.
2.3
Differentiate between:
2.4
Differentiate between:
2.5
Describe the characteristics of bonds. (no longer place any emphasis on which is the strongest type)
2.6
Define pH.
2.7
Categorize the following based on the pH of a solution:
2.8
Distinguish between "neutral" pH and the "average" pH range of the blood.
2.9
Describe the properties of water and how it is utilized in the human body.
2.10
Distinguish between:
2.11
Describe the structures and functions of the following and give an example of each:
2.12
Describe how the body produces energy during cellular respiration.
3.1
Identify the four principle parts of a generalized animal cell and their functions.
3.2
Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane.
3.3
Describe a selectively permeable membrane and factors which influence permeability.
3.4
Contrast intracellular and extracellular fluid in terms of location and composition.
3.5
Describe each of the following cellular transport processes and classify them as active or passive.
3.6
Review the osmotic effects that occur when a cell is placed in the following:
3.7
Describe the function of the following structures within the cell.
3.8
Compare and contrast:
4.1
Identify the general characteristics and functions of each of the four principle types of tissues.
4.2
Contrast the following:
4.3
Differentiate between the four basic types of membranes.
4.4
Describe the structures and functions of the integumentary system components.
4.5
Describe the major layers of skin.
4.6
Describe the functions of the following:
4.7
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the integumentary system.
Performance Skills
5.1
Identify the general functions of the skeletal system.
5.2
Identify the roles of the following in bone growth and ossification:
5.3
Describe the features of a long bone.
5.4
Identify the four shapes of bones with characteristics and examples of each.
5.5
Describe and locate the following bone markings.
5.6
Describe and differentiate between the following terms:
5.7
Contrast the axial and appendicular skeletons.
5.8
Locate the following bones.
5.9
Contrast the average number, location, and function of each of the five groups of vertebrae.
5.10
Explain the structural and functional classifications of articulations.
5.11
Differentiate between ligaments and tendons.
5.12
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the skeletal system.
6.1
Identify the general functions of the muscular system.
6.2
Describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue.
6.3
Contrast the general location, microscopic appearance, control, and functions of the three specific types of muscle tissue.
6.4
Contrast thick and thin myofilaments.
6.5
Describe the sliding-filament theory of muscle contraction.
6.6
Describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction.
6.7
Define the following terms:
6.8
Explain the role of the following:
6.9
Describe the locations and functions of the following skeletal muscles:
6.10
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the muscular system.
7.1
Restate the three broad functions of the nervous system.
7.2
Describe the general organization of the nervous system.
7.3
List the functions and structures of neurons and neuroglial cells.
7.4
Contrast white and gray matter of nervous tissue.
7.5
Describe the location and function of CSF.
7.6
Identify the structures responsible for the maintenance and protection of the central nervous system.
7.7
Identify the four principle parts of the brain.
7.8
Describe the functions of the three structures of the brain stem.
7.9
Describe the structures and functions of the diencephalon.
7.10
Describe the locations and functions of the four lobes of the cerebrum.
7.11
Explain the major functions of the cerebellum.
7.12
Sequence the major events when the nerve impulse (action potential) is initiated and transmitted through a neuron.
7.13
Explain the role of each of the components of a reflex arc.
7.14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
7.15
Describe the principle anatomical structures of the eye.
7.16
Describe the principle anatomical structures of the ear.
7.17
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with special senses.
8.1
Identify the general functions of the endocrine system.
8.2
Describe a "hormone" and how it functions in the body.
8.3
Describe a "hormone" and how it functions in the body.
8.4
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the endocrine system.
9.1
Identify the components of blood and their functions.
9.2
Describe erythrocytes, including the structure of hemoglobin.
9.3
Define leukocyte and list the two major groups with their cell types and their function.
9.4
Describe the process of hemostasis.
9.5
Contrast a thrombus and an embolus.
9.6
Identify the antigens found on the erythrocytes and the antibodies that determine the ABO blood types and the Rh factor.
9.7
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the blood.
10.1
Identify the components of the lymphatic system.
10.2
Describe how lymph is moved through the body.
10.3
Contrast antigens and antibodies.
10.4
Describe the general roles of T-cells and B-cells in the immune response.
10.5
Distinguish between active and passive immunity and natural vs. artificial acquisition of immunity.
10.6
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the lymphatic system.
Performance Skills
11.1
List the general functions of the cardiovascular system.
11.2
Describe the layers of the heart.
11.3
Identify the chambers of the heart.
11.4
Locate the great blood vessels of the heart.
11.5
Identify the valves of the heart.
11.6
Trace blood flow through the heart.
11.7
Identify the components of the conduction system of the heart and trace the pathway.
11.8
Sequence the principle events of the cardiac cycle in terms of systole and diastole.
11.9
Define cardiac output and identify factors that influence it.
11.10
Contrast the structures and functions of arteries, capillaries, and veins.
11.11
Define pulse and identify the general location of arteries where pulse may be felt.
11.12
Describe blood pressure and how to measure it.
11.13
Contrast pulmonary and systemic circulation.
11.14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
12.1
Identify the general functions of the respiratory system.
12.2
Sequence the organs of the respiratory system in the order in which air will pass through them from the exterior.
12.3
Identify the three regions of the pharynx.
12.4
Identify the following anatomical features of the larynx.
12.5
Identify the coverings of the lungs and the gross anatomical features of the lungs.
12.6
Identify the site at which gas exchange occurs in the lungs (alveoli).
12.7
Identify the volumes and capacities of air exchanged during ventilation.
12.8
Differentiate between the following.
12.9
Describe the effects of carbon dioxide on ventilation.
12.10
Identify the following diseases or disorders of the respiratory system.
13.1
Identify the general functions of the digestive system.
13.2
Contrast chemical and mechanical digestion.
13.3
Differentiate between the following.
13.4
Describe the functions of saliva and salivary amylase in digestion.
13.5
Identify the following parts of a typical tooth.
13.6
Define the following.
13.7
Identify the anatomical features of the stomach.
13.8
Identify the basic components and functions of gastric juice.
13.9
Identify the location and digestive functions of the pancreas.
13.10
Describe the function of bile (emulsification).
13.11
Identify the three sections of the small intestine and describe the functions.
13.12
Identify the structures and sections of the large intestine and describe the functions.
13.13
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the digestive system.
14.1
Identify the general functions of the urinary system.
14.2
Identify the four major organs of the urinary system.
14.3
Identify the gross anatomy of the kidney
14.4
Identify the microscopic structures of the nephron.
14.5
Describe the three basic physiological processes and the structures involved in urine formation.
14.6
Identify abnormal constituents of urine and possible causes of each.
14.7
Describe the methods of fluid intake and output.
14.8
Identify the following diseases and disorders associated with the urinary system.
15.1
Identify the general functions of the reproductive system.
15.2
Describe the anatomy of the male genitalia.
15.3
Identify the function of the testes.
15.4
Identify the functions of testosterone in the male.
15.5
Describe the anatomy of the female reproductive structures.
15.6
Identify the functions of the ovaries.
15.7
Identify the structures and functions of the uterine tubes, including fimbriae and infundibulum.
15.8
Describe the structures and function of the uterus.
15.9
Define the menstrual cycle including the ovarian and uterine cycles and changes that occur during menopause.
15.10
Describe the physiological effects of estrogens, progesterone and relaxin.
15.11
Contrast the general outcomes of spermatogenesis vs. oogenesis
15.12
Define the following sequence of events that occur during human development.
15.13
Identify the principle events associated with the three stages of labor.
15.14
Identify the following diseases and disorders of the reproductive system.
1.2.a
Chemical
1.2.b
Cellular
1.2.c
Tissue
1.2.d
Organ
1.2.e
System
1.2.f
Organism
1.3.a
Metabolism
1.4.a
Posterior/Anterior
1.4.b
Medial/Lateral
1.4.c
Proximal/Distal
1.4.d
Superficial/Deep
1.4.e
Superior/Inferior
1.5.a
Sagittal
1.5.b
Midsagittal
1.5.c
Transverse (horizontal)
1.5.d
Frontal (coronal)
1.6.a
Dorsal Cavity
1.6.b
Ventral Cavity
1.6.c
Abdominopelvic Cavity-liver, spleen, intestines, kidneys, stomach
1.7.a
RUQ-right upper quadrant-liver, gallbladder, right kidney
1.7.b
RLQ-right lower quadrant-cecum, appendix, right ovary
1.7.c
LUQ-left upper quadrant-spleen, stomach, left kidney
1.7.d
LLQ-lower left quadrant-left ovary
1.9.a
Be able to describe the following:
2.1.a
States of Matter
2.1.b
Elements
2.1.c
Basic components of the atom
2.1.d
Ion
2.2.a
Carbon
2.2.b
Hydrogen
2.2.c
Oxygen
2.2.d
Nitrogen
2.3.a
Compound
2.3.b
Molecule
2.4.a
Cation
2.4.b
Anion
2.5.a
Ionic
2.5.b
Covalent
2.5.
Hydrogen
2.7.a
Acidic
2.7.b
Basic
2.7.c
Neutral
2.8.a
Neutral pH=7.0
2.8.b
Average pH of blood=7.35 to 7.45
2.9.a
Universal solvent
2.9.b
Transport
2.9.c
Lubricant
2.9.d
Heat capacity
2.9.e
Chemical reactions
2.10.a
Inorganic compounds-do not contain carbon, small molecules, usually form ionic bonds
2.10.b
Organic compounds-usually contain carbon, large molecules, form covalent bonds, flammable
2.11.a
Carbohydrates
2.11.b
Proteins
2.11.c
Lipids
2.11.d
Nucleic acids
2.11.e
Amino acids
2.12.a
ATP < - -> ADP + P + ENERGY
3.1.a
Nucleus
3.1.b
Cytosol
3.1.c
Organelles
3.1.d
Cell membrane
3.5.a
Passive processes
3.5.b
Active processes
3.6.a
Isotonic solution
3.6.b
Hypotonic solution
3.6.
Hypertonic solution
3.7.a
Nucleolus
3.7.b
DNA
3.7.c
RNA
3.7.d
Gene
3.7.e
Chromatin
3.7.f
Chromosome
3.7.g
Ribosomes
3.7.h
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
3.7.i
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3.7.j
Golgi complex
3.7.k
Vesicle (vacuole)
3.7.l
Lysosomes
3.7.m
Peroxisomes
3.7.n
Mitochondria
3.7.o
Cytoskeleton
3.7.p
Centrosomes
3.7.q
Centrioles
3.7.r
Cellular surface variants
3.8.a
Mitosis
3.8.b
Meiosis
4.1.a
Epithelial-strategies for tissue identification (arrangement & cell shape)
4.1.b
Connective-adipose, cartilage, dense fibrous, blood, bone
4.1.c
Muscular-skeletal, smooth, cardiac
4.1.d
Nervous
4.2.a
Exocrine glands
4.2.b
Endocrine glands
4.3.a
Mucous
4.3.b
Serous
4.3.c
Synovial
4.3.d
Cutaneous
4.4.a
Skin
4.4.b
Glands
4.4.c
Hair
4.4.
Nails
4.5.a
Epidermis
4.5.b
Dermis
4.5.c
Subcutaneous (hypodermis)
4.6.a
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
4.6.b
Sebaceous (oil) glands
4.7.a
Skin cancers
4.7.b
Decubitus ulcers
4.7.c
Eczema
4.7.d
Lesion
4.7.e
Burns
Students will explore careers in healthcare. Students will participate in a minimum of three career exploration experiences to investigate a variety of health care careers related to therapeutic services, diagnostic services, health informatics, support services, and biomedical research and development pathways. NOTE: Electronically delivered career exploration experiences are permissible.
Students will provide an oral and/or written report for each career exploration.
5.2.a
Osteoblasts
5.2.b
Osteocytes
5.2.c
Osteoclasts
5.3.a
Periosteum
5.3.b
Diaphysis
5.3.c
Epiphysis
5.3.d
Medullary cavity
5.3.e
Red marrow
5.3.f
Yellow marrow
5.3.g
Articular cartilage
5.3.h
Endosteum
5.3.i
Compact bone
5.3.j
Spongy bone
5.4.b
Short
5.4.a
Long
5.4.c
Flat
5.4.d
Irregular
5.5.a
Foramen
5.5.b
Meatus
5.5.c
Sinus
5.5.d
Fossa
5.5.e
Condyle
5.5.f
Tuberosity
5.5.g
Trochanter
5.5.h
Tubercle
5.5.i
Process
5.6.a
Suture
5.6.b
Fontanel
5.8.a
Mandible
5.8.b
Maxilla
5.8.c
Zygomatic
5.8.d
Frontal
5.8.e
Parietal
5.8.f
Occipital
5.8.g
Sphenoid
5.8.h
Ethmoid
5.8.i
Hyoid
5.8.j
Temporal
5.8.k
Clavicle
5.8.l
Scapula
5.8.m
Sternum
5.8.n
Ribs
5.8.o
Pubic bone
5.8.p
Femur
5.8.q
Patella
5.8.r
Tibia
5.8.s
Fibula
5.8.t
Tarsals
5.8.u
Metatarsals
5.8.v
Phalanges
5.8.w
Humerus
5.8.x
Ulna
5.8.y
Radius
5.8.z
Carpals
5.8.aa
Metacarpals
5.8.ab
Vertebrae
5.9.a
Cervical
5.9.b
Thoracic
5.9.c
Lumbar
5.9.d
Sacral
5.9.e
Coccygeal
5.10.a
Fibrous
5.10.b
Synovial
5.10.c
Cartilaginous
5.10.d
Amphiarthrotic
5.10.e
Diarthrotic
5.10.f
Synarthrotic
5.12.a
Herniated disk
5.12.b
Osteoarthritis
5.12.c
Osteoporosis
5.12.d
Scoliosis
5.12.e
Kyphosis
5.12.f
Lordosis
5.12.g
Spina bifida
5.12.h
RA (Rheumatoid arthritis)
6.2.a
Elasticity
6.2.b
Excitability (irritability)
6.2.c
Extensibility
6.2.d
Flexibility
6.3.a
Skeletal
6.3.b
Smooth
6.3.c
Cardiac
6.4.a
Actin
6.4.b
Myosin
6.7.a
Origin
6.7.b
Insertion
6.8.a
Prime movers (agonists)
6.8.b
Antagonists
6.8.c
Synergist
6.8.d
Fixators
6.9.a
Biceps brachii
6.9.b
Triceps brachii
6.9.c
Brachialis
6.9.d
Flexors
6.9.e
Extensors
6.9.f
Pronator
6.9.g
Supinator
6.9.h
Rotator cuff
6.9.i
Sternocleidomastoid
6.9.j
Trapezius
6.9.k
Deltoid
6.9.l
Diaphragm
6.9.m
Rectus abdominis
6.9.n
Pectoralis major
6.9.o
Latissimus dorsi
6.9.p
External oblique
6.9.q
Gastrocnemius
6.9.r
Tibialis anterior
6.9.s
Soleus
6.9.t
Hamstrings
6.9.u
Quadriceps
6.9.v
Gluteus maximus
6.9.w
Gluteus medius
6.9.x
Sartorius
6.9.y
Gracilis
6.9.z
Masseter
6.10.a
Fibromyalgia
6.10.b
Muscular dystrophy
6.10.c
Medial tibial stress syndrome
6.10.d
Compare and contrast the following, describe the three degrees of injury:
7.1.a
Sensory
7.1.b
Integration
7.1.c
Motor
7.2.a
Central Nervous System (CNS)
7.2.b
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
7.3.a
Neuron
7.3.b
Astrocytes
7.3.c
Microglia
7.3.d
Oligodendrocytes
7.3.e
Ependymal cells
7.3.f
Schwann cells
7.3.g
Satellite cells
7.5.a
Ventricles
7.5.b
Subarachnoid space
7.6.a
Meninges
7.7.a
Cerebrum
7.7.b
Cerebellum
7.7.c
Brain stem
7.7.d
Diencephalon
7.8.a
Medulla oblongata
7.8.b
Pons
7.8.
Midbrain
7.9.a
Thalamus
7.9.b
Hypothalamus
7.10.a
Frontal
7.10.b
Parietal
7.10.c
Temporal
7.10.d
Occipital
7.12.a
All or None Principle
7.13.a
Reflex
7.13.b
Reflex arc
7.13.c
Receptor
7.13.d
Sensory neuron
7.13.e
Association (interneuron) neuron
7.13.f
Motor neuron
7.13.g
Effector
7.14.a
ALS
7.14.b
Alzheimer's
7.14.c
Bacterial meningitis
7.14.d
Cerebral palsy
7.14.e
Epilepsy
7.14.f
Multiple sclerosis
7.14.g
Guillain-Barre syndrome
7.14.h
Parkinson's
7.14.i
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)-stroke
7.15.a
Accessory structures
7.15.b
Layers of the eyeball
7.16.a
Outer ear
7.16.b
Middle ear
7.17.a
Ametropia-abnormal refracted light
8.3.a
Hypothalamus
8.3.b
Pituitary Gland-found in the hypophyseal fossa "Sella Turcica"
8.3.c
Thyroid Gland-found inferior to the Larynx
8.3.d
Adrenal Gland-found atop the kidneys
8.3.e
Pancreas Gland-Exocrine/Endocrine gland in LUQ posterior to the stomach
8.4.a
Dwarfism
8.4.b
Gigantism
8.4.c
Acromegaly
8.4.d
Hypothyroidism
8.4.e
Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)
8.4.f
Diabetes mellitus
8.4.g
Diabetes insipidus
8.4.h
Cushing's syndrome
9.1.a
Erythrocytes
9.1.b
Leukocytes
9.1.c
Thrombocytes
9.1.d
Plasma
9.3.a
Granulocytes
9.3.b
Agranulocytes
9.4.a
Vascular spasm
9.4.b
Platelet plug formation
9.4.c
Coagulation
9.7.a
Anemias
10.1.a
Tonsils
10.1.b
Spleen
10.1.c
Thymus
10.1.d
Lymph nodes
10.1.e
Bone marrow
10.1.f
Lymph vessels
10.6.a
AIDS
10.6.b
Measles
10.6.c
Mumps
10.6.d
Rubella
10.6.e
Tetanus
Students will select a topic and defend their position on a current medical ethics dilemma.
11.2.a
Epicardium
11.2.b
Myocardium
11.2.c
Endocardium
11.3.a
Atria
11.3.b
Ventricles
11.4.a
Superior vena cava
11.4.b
Inferior vena cava
11.4.c
Pulmonary trunk
11.4.d
Pulmonary arteries
11.4.e
Pulmonary veins
11.4.f
Aorta
11.4.g
Branches of the aorta
11.5.a
Tricuspid
11.5.b
Pulmonary semilunar
11.5.c
Bicuspid (mitral)
11.5.d
Aortic semilunar
11.7.a
SA node
11.7.b
AV node
11.7.c
AV bundle
11.7.d
Bundle branches
11.7.e
Purkinje fibers
11.9.a
Heart rate
11.9.b
Stroke volume
11.14.a
Aneurysm
11.14.b
Arteriosclerosis
11.14.c
Atherosclerosis
11.14.d
Cerebrovascular accident/stroke
11.14.e
Coronary artery disease
11.14.f
Hypertension
11.14.g
Murmur
11.14.h
Myocardial infarction
12.2.a
Nose/mouth
12.2.b
Pharynx
12.2.c
Larynx
12.2.d
Trachea
12.2.e
Bronchi
12.2.f
Bronchioles
12.2.g
Alveolar duct
12.2.h
Alveoli
12.3.a
Nasopharynx
12.3.b
Oropharynx
12.3.c
Laryngopharynx
12.4.a
Epiglottis
12.4.b
Glottis
12.4.c
Hyoid bone
12.4.d
Thyroid cartilage
12.4.e
Cricoid cartilage
12.4.f
True vocal cords
12.4.g
False vocal cords
12.5.a
Apex
12.5.b
Base
12.5.c
Lobes
12.5.d
Visceral pleura
12.5.e
Parietal pleura
12.5.f
Pleural cavity
12.7.a
Tidal volume
12.7.b
Vital capacity
12.8.a
Ventilation
12.8.b
External respiration
12.8.c
Internal respiration
12.10.a
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
12.10.b
Influenza
12.10.c
Lung cancer
12.10.d
Pneumonia
12.10.e
SIDS
12.10.f
Tuberculosis
12.10.g
Cystic Fibrosis
12.10.h
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
12.10.i
Respiratory distress
13.3.a
Alimentary canal structures
13.3.b
Accessory structures
13.5.a
Crown
13.5.b
Neck
13.5.c
Root
13.5.d
Gingiva
13.5.e
Periodontal ligament
13.5.f
Enamel
13.5.g
Dentin
13.5.h
Pulp
13.5.i
Root canal
13.6.a
Deglutition
13.6.b
Mastication
13.6.c
Maceration
13.6.d
Segmentation
13.6.e
Peristalsis
13.6.
Haustral churning
13.7.a
Fundus
13.7.b
Body
13.7.c
Pylorus
13.7.d
Rugae
13.7.e
Cardiac sphincter
13.7.f
Pyloric sphincter
13.8.a
Chief cells
13.8.b
Parietal cells
13.8.c
Goblet cells
13.9.a
Pancreatic Islets
13.9.b
Acini Cells
13.11.a
Duodenum
13.11.b
Jejunum
13.11.c
Ileum
13.12.a
Cecum
13.12.b
Colon
13.12.c
Rectum
13.12.d
Anal canal
13.13.a
Appendicitis
13.13.b
Cirrhosis
13.13.c
Colorectal cancer
13.13.d
Gallstones
13.13.e
Hepatitis
13.13.f
Obesity
13.13.g
Ulcers
13.13.h
Celiac disease
13.13.i
Crohn's disease
13.13.j
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
14.2.a
Kidneys
14.2.b
Ureters
14.2.c
Bladder
14.2.d
Urethra
14.3.a
Renal cortex
14.3.b
Renal medulla
14.3.c
Renal pyramids
14.3.d
Renal pelvis
14.3.e
Renal capsule
14.3.f
Calyces
14.4.a
Renal corpuscle
14.4.b
Glomerulus
14.4.c
Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
14.4.d
Afferent arteriole
14.4.e
Efferent arteriole
14.4.f
Renal tubule
14.4.g
Peritubular capillaries
14.5.a
Filtration
14.5.b
Reabsorption
14.5.c
Secretion
14.6.a
Glucose
14.6.b
Ketones
14.6.c
Erythrocytes
14.6.d
Leukocytes
14.6.e
Bilirubin
14.6.f
Microbes
14.6.g
Albumin
14.7.a
Intake
14.7.b
Output
14.8.a
Cystitis
14.8.b
Glomerulonephritis
14.8.c
Incontinence
14.8.d
Kidney stones
14.8.e
Polyuria
14.8.f
Renal failure
14.8.g
Urinary tract infections (UTI)
15.2.a
External
15.2.b
Internal
15.2.c
Accessory
15.5.a
External
15.5.b
Internal
15.5.c
Accessory
15.8.a
Perimetrium
15.8.b
Myometrium
15.8.c
Endometrium
15.8.d
Fundus
15.8.e
Cervix
15.12.a
Fertilization
15.12.b
Zygote
15.12.c
Implantation
15.12.d
Embryo
15.12.e
Fetus
15.13.a
Stage 1-dilation and effacement
15.13.b
Stage 2-delivery and birth
15.13.c
Stage 3-placental expulsion
15.14.a
Reproductive cancers
15.14.b
Endometriosis
15.14.c
Impotence
15.14.d
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
15.14.e
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
1.3.a.1
Anabolic process
1.3.a.2
Catabolic process
1.6.a.1
Vertebral - Spinal Cord
1.6.a.2
Cranial - Brain
1.6.b.1
Thoracic - Heart & Lungs
1.6.c.1
Abdominal-liver, spleen, intestines, kidneys, stomach
1.6.c.2
Pelvic-intestines, urinary bladder, sex organs
1.9.a.1
Childbirth
1.9.a.2
Breast feeding
1.9.a.3
Blood clotting
2.1.c.1
Nucleus
2.1.c.2
Electrons
2.1.c.3
Protons
2.1.c.4
Neutrons
2.1.d.1
Electrolyte
2.11.d.1
RNA
2.11.d.2
DNA
3.5.a.1
Diffusion
3.5.a.2
Osmosis
3.5.a.3
Facilitated diffusion
3.5.a.4
Dialysis
3.5.a.5
Filtration
3.5.b.1
Phagocytosis
3.5.b.2
Exocytosis
3.5.b.
Active transport
3.7.o.1
Microfilaments
3.7.o.2
Intermediate filaments
3.7.o.3
Microtubules
3.7.r.1
Microvilli (absorption)
3.7.r.2
Cilia (transports products along the surface of the cell, "crowd surfers")
3.7.r.
Flagella (transports the cell)
4.7.a.1
Basal cell carcinoma
4.7.a.2
Squamous cell carcinoma
4.7.a.3
Malignant melanoma
4.7.e.1
1st degree
4.7.e.2
2nd degree
4.7.e.3
3rd degree
5.8.o.1
Ilium
5.8.o.2
Ischium
5.8.o.3
Pubis
6.9.h.1
Supraspinatus
6.9.h.2
Infraspinatus
6.9.h.3
Teres minor
6.9.h.4
Subscapularis
6.9.t.1
Semimembranosus
6.9.t.2
Semitendinosus
6.9.t.3
Biceps femoris
6.9.u.1
Rectus femoris
6.9.u.2
Vastus lateralis
6.9.u.3
Vastus medialis
6.9.u.4
Vastus intermedius
6.10.d.1
Sprain
6.10.d.2
Strain
7.2.a.1
Brain
7.2.a.2
Spinal Cord
7.2.b.1
Spinal nerves
7.2.b.2
Cranial nerves
7.2.b.3
Subdivisions
7.5.a.1
Choroid Plexus
7.6.a.1
Dura mater
7.6.a.2
Arachnoid mater
7.6.a.3
Pia mater
7.15.a.1
Eyelid
7.15.a.2
Conjunctiva
7.15.a.3
Lacrimal apparatus
7.15.a.4
Extrinsic muscles
7.15.b.1
Fibrous tunic
7.15.b.2
Vascular tunic
7.15.b.3
Nervous tunic
7.16.a.1
Auricle
7.16.a.2
Auditory canal
7.16.b.1
Tympanic cavity
7.16.b.2
Tympanic membrane
7.16.b.3
Auditory (Eustachian) tube
7.16.b.4
Auditory ossicles
7.16.b.5
Inner ear
7.17.a.1
Myopia
7.17.a.2
Hyperopia
7.17.a.3
Presbyopia
7.17.a.4
Cataracts
7.17.a.5
Conjunctivitis
7.17.a.6
Strabismus
7.17.a.7
Glaucoma
7.17.a.8
Macular degeneration
7.17.a.9
Vertigo
7.17.a.10
Tinnitus
7.17.a.11
Middle ear infection (Otitis Media)
7.17.a.12
Deafness
8.3.a.1
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)-targets anterior pituitary
8.3.a.2
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)-targets anterior pituitary
8.3.a.3
Corticotropic Releasing Hormone (CRH)-target anterior pituitary
8.3.a.4
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
8.3.a.5
Oxytocin Hormone (Oxt)
8.3.b.1
Anterior Pituitary (adenohypophysis)
8.3.b.2
Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis)
8.3.c.1
Thyroxine (T4)
8.3.c.2
Triiodothyronine (T3)
8.3.d.1
o Adrenal Cortex
8.3.d.2
Adrenal Medulla-sympathetic stimulus for sustained "Fight or Flight"
8.3.e.1
Insulin
8.3.e.2
Glucagon
8.4.d.1
Myxedema
8.4.d.2
Cretinism-congenital hypothyroidism
8.4.e.1
Goiter
8.4.e.2
Exophthalamos
8.4.f.1
Type I
8.4.f.2
Type II
9.3.a.1
Neutrophils
9.3.a.2
Basophils
9.3.a.3
Eosinophils
9.3.b.1
Monocytes
9.3.b.2
Lymphocytes
9.7.a.1
Nutritional
9.7.a.2
Pernicious
9.7.a.3
Hemorrhagic
9.7.a.4
Hemolytic
9.7.a.5
Sickle cell
9.7.a.6
Aplastic
9.7.a.7
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
9.7.a.8
Hemophilia
9.7.a.9
Leukemia
9.7.a.10
Mononucleosis
9.7.a.11
Polycythemia
12.10.a.1
Emphysema
13.3.a.1
Mouth
13.3.a.2
Pharynx
13.3.a.3
Esophagus
13.3.a.4
Stomach
13.3.a.5
Small intestines
13.3.a.6
Large intestines
13.3.a.7
Rectum
13.3.a.8
Anus
13.3.b.1
Salivary glands (parotid)
13.3.b.2
Pancreas
13.3.b.3
Gallbladder
13.3.b.4
Liver
13.8.a.1
Pepsinogen
13.8.b.1
Hydrochloric acid
13.8.c.1
Mucus
13.12.b.1
Ascending
13.12.b.2
Transverse
13.12.b.3
Descending
13.12.b.4
Sigmoid
14.4.f.1
Proximal convoluted tubule
14.4.f.2
Descending limb
14.4.f.3
Nephron loop
14.4.f.4
Ascending limb
14.4.f.5
Distal convoluted tubule
14.4.f.6
Collecting duct
14.7.a.1
Oral
14.7.a.2
Intravenous
14.7.a.
Metabolic
14.7.b.1
Micturition
14.7.b.2
Voiding
14.7.b.3
Sweat
14.7.b.4
Feces
14.7.b.5
Exhaled vapor
15.2.a.1
Penis
15.2.a.2
Scrotum
15.2.a.3
Testes
15.2.b.1
Epididymis
15.2.b.2
Ductus deferens
15.2.b.3
Ejaculatory duct
15.2.b.4
Urethra
15.2.c.1
Seminal vesicles
15.2.c.2
Prostate
15.2.c.3
Bulbourethral gland
15.5.a.1
Vulva
15.5.a.2
Labia majora
15.5.a.3
Clitoris
15.5.a.4
Labia minora
15.5.a.5
Mons pubis
15.5.a.6
Vestibule
15.5.b.1
Ovaries
15.5.b.2
Uterus
15.5.b.3
Uterine tubes
15.5.b.4
Vagina
15.5.c.1
Mammary glands
15.5.c.2
Perineum
15.8.c.1
Stratum functionalis
15.8.c.2
Stratum basalis
15.14.a.1
Breast
15.14.a.2
Testicular
15.14.a.3
Cervical
15.14.a.4
Ovarian
15.14.a.5
Prostate
15.14.a.6
Uterine
15.14.e.1
Gonorrhea
15.14.e.2
Syphilis
15.14.e.3
Genital herpes
15.14.e.4
Chlamydia
15.14.e.5
Trichimoniasis
15.14.e.6
Genital warts
15.14.e.7
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
1.6.b.1.1
Mediastinum-heart, bronchi, esophagus, thymus.
1.6.b.1.2
Pericardial-heart
1.6.b.1.3
Pleural-lungs
7.2.b.1.1
31 pairs
7.2.b.2.1
I-XII
7.2.b.3.1
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
7.2.b.3.1.1
Sympathetic
7.2.b.3.1.2
Parasympathetic
7.2.b.3.2
Somatic Nervous System
7.15.b.1.1
Sclera
7.15.b.1.2
Cornea
7.15.b.2.1
Choroid
7.15.b.2.2
Ciliary body
7.15.b.2.3
Iris
7.15.b.2.4
Lens
7.15.b.2.5
Pupil
7.15.b.3.1
Retina
7.16.b.4.1
Malleus
7.16.b.4.2
Incus
7.16.b.4.3
Stapes
7.16.b.5.1
Bony labyrinth
7.16.b.5.2
Membranous labyrinth
7.16.b.5.3
Semicircular canals
7.16.b.5.4
Vestibule
7.16.b.5.5
Cochlea
7.16.b.5.6
Organ of Corti
7.17.a.12.1
Conductive
7.17.a.12.2
Sensorineural
8.3.a.4.1
Produced in hypothalamus
8.3.a.4.2
Stored in posterior pituitary
8.3.a.5.1
Produced in hypothalamus
8.3.a.5.2
Stored in posterior pituitary
8.3.b.1.1
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
8.3.b.1.1.1
Targets cells stimulating growth
8.3.b.1.2
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
8.3.b.1.2.1
Targets thyroid gland
8.3.b.1.3
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
8.3.b.1.3.1
Targets adrenal cortex
8.3.b.2.1
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
8.3.b.2.1.1
Neural stimulus releases ADH to target kidneys for water retention
8.3.b.2.2
Oxytocin Hormone (Oxt)
8.3.b.2.2.1
Neural stimulus releases Oxt to target uterus for child birthing
8.3.b.2.2.2
Neural stimulus releases Oxt to target breast tissue for milk letdown
8.3.c.1.1
Targets cells increasing metabolism
8.3.c.2.1
Targets cells increasing metabolism
8.3.d.1.1
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
8.3.d.1.1.1
Stimulates the release of cortisol
8.3.d.1.2
Cortisol
8.3.d.1.2.1
Anti-inflammatory by suppressing white blood cells
8.3.d.2.1
Epinephrine-adrenaline increasing cell metabolism
8.3.d.2.2
Norepinephrine-noradrenaline increasing cell metabolism
8.3.e.1.1
Released from Beta cells to target cells to decrease blood sugar
8.3.e.2.1
Released from Alpha cells to break down glycogen to increase blood sugar
14.7.a.1.1
Liquid
14.7.a.1.2
Solid
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- Source document
- Medical Anatomy and Physiology: Grades 10-12 (2018)
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- CC BY 4.0 US