Grades 9, 10, 11, 12

(Time, Continuity, and Change) Students will understand patterns of change and continuity, relationships between people and events through time, and various interpretations of these relationships.

(Connections and Conflict) Students will understand causes and effects of interaction among societies, including trade, systems of international exchange, war, and diplomacy. 

(Geography) Students will understand the interactions and relationship between human societies and their physical environment. 

(Culture) Students will understand cultural and intellectual developments and interactions among societies. 

(Society and Identity) Students will understand social systems and structures and how these influence individuals. 

(Government) Students will understand why societies create and adopt systems of governance and how they address human needs, rights, responsibilities and citizenship.

(Production, Distribution, and Consumption) Students will understand fundamental economic principles and ways in which economies are shaped by geographic and human factors. 

(Science, Technology, and Society) Students will understand how societies have influenced and been influenced by scientific developments and technological developments. 

Identify and evaluate long-term changes, enduring influences, and recurring patterns in world history.  

Compare models for organizing history into periods (periodization). 

Interpret graphic presentation of quantitative data. 

Analyze the impact of revolution on politics, economies, and societies. 

Analyze how ideals and institutions of freedom, equality, justice, and citizenship have changed over time and from one society to another. 

Perform analyses of quantitative historical data. 

Evaluate historians' interpretations of the past using a variety of sources.

Analyze the causes and effects of alliances and multinational organizations. 

Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence political, economic, and social conditions. 

Evaluate efforts to resolve conflict within and among nations.

Analyze how trade has contributed to cooperation and conflict.

Evaluate the effectiveness of international organizations.

Analyze effects of differing national foreign policy positions on international competition and cooperation.

Analyze effects of conflict on national unity. 

Explain how powerful entities, such as countries, corporations, and religious institutions, have influenced conflicts and cooperation in the world. 

Discuss how the physical environment contributes to the development of distinct cultures.

Use spatial models to investigate relationships between places and patterns of settlement and human interaction. 

Explain how social, cultural, political and economic factors shape and are shaped by the physical environment.

Evaluate the impact of migration on the structure of societies.

Evaluate the relationship between human societies and the environment; e.g. agricultural productivity, improved water transport (river locks), electric power; global warming, pollution, natural disasters, etc..

Analyze geographical factors (such as natural resources, environment) that contribute to cooperation or conflict between human societies. 

Analyze sources and characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements. 

Analyze how art, literature, and traditional customs both shape and are shaped by society.

Examine how certain texts came to be viewed as sacred.

Examine acculturation and assimilation in the context of belief systems and culture.

Examine the historic tension between science and religion.   

Explain the origins and diffusion of modern science.

Explain the developments that have weakened confidence in modern science (World War I, nuclear weapons, environmental degradation, post-modern philosophy of science, etc.). 

Evaluate religious characteristics (creed, code of behavior, rituals, community) of non-religious belief systems (e.g. communalism, patriotism, activism, and consumerism). 

Explain how sociological circumstances (race, ethnicity, gender, class, etc.) influence an individual's perceptions of and reactions to the world.

Analyze the socialization of individuals by groups, organizations, and institutions.

Examine why cultural definitions of gender identity persist and are resistant to change. 

Evaluate circumstances and consequences that arise from differences between cultural norms and personal gender identity and/or sexual orientation.

Evaluate circumstances and consequences that arise from differences between cultural norms and personal gender identity and/or sexual orientation.

Discuss the limits of socialization and the power of choice in personal identity. 

Explain the roots of and historical development of contemporary political systems. 

Evaluate strengths and weaknesses of various kinds of political philosophies and ideologies. 

Evaluate issues regarding distribution of powers and responsibilities within political systems. 

Evaluate the role of law and order in political systems.

Evaluate how groups and institutions work to meet individual needs and address necessary social changes. 

Analyze how and why political institutions distribute benefits and burdens.

Describe major responsibilities of political institutions for domestic and foreign policy.

Examine the wide range of influences on policy makers.

Evaluate various means of achieving specific political objectives.

Discuss the significance of shared political and civic beliefs and values, and of economic prosperity, to the preservation of political organization.

Examine the role of voluntary, community and nongovernmental groups in society and their relationship to the functions of political organizations.

Evaluate functions and responsibilities of, and challenges to, leadership.

Compare and contrast the role of citizens in various forms of governance. 

Evaluate various ways different societies provide the judiciary function.

Explain examples of historical change by applying fundamental economic concepts (scarcity, opportunity cost, productivity, etc.).  

Explain patterns of trade from ancient times to the present. 

Analyze ways in which trade has contributed to change in selected societies or civilizations.

Explain the major economic systems.

Analyze and evaluate economic issues from a geographical point of view. 

Describe reciprocal influences of changes in transportation and communication and changes in trade and economic activities.

Evaluate the major economic systems.

Analyze effects of technology on the diffusion of culture and the preservation of cultural identity.

Describe how values, beliefs, and attitudes have influenced and been influenced by scientific knowledge and technological knowledge.

Analyze instances in which economic conditions have influenced and been influenced by scientific developments and technological developments. 

Explain how different socio-economic groups within a culture may react differently to technological innovation.

Examine historical and current influences of modern science on technological innovation.

Examine the principal contemporary contexts of technological innovation and scientific research (commercial and military) and the implications of these contexts. 

Explain causes and consequences of the diffusion of the autocatalytic process of technological innovation. 

Examine the meaning and ambiguity of the word "technology.

Evaluate whether changing technologies create new ethical dilemmas or make existing ethical dilemmas more acute. 

Discuss whether confidence in modern science is growing or decreasing. 

Analyze social, moral, ethical, religious, and legal issues arising from technological developments and scientific developments.