Grades 6, 7, 8

(Time, Continuity, and Change) Students will understand patterns of change and continuity, relationships between people and events through time, and various interpretations of these relationships. 

(Connections and Conflict) Students will understand causes and effects of interaction among societies, including trade, systems of international exchange, war, and diplomacy. 

(Geography) Students will understand the interactions and relationship between human societies and their physical environment. 

(Culture) Students will understand cultural and intellectual developments and interactions among societies. 

(Society and Identity) Students will understand social systems and structures and how these influence individuals. 

(Government) Students will understand why societies create and adopt systems of governance and how they address human needs, rights, responsibilities and citizenship. 

(Production, Distribution, and Consumption) Students will understand fundamental economic principles and ways in which economies are shaped by geographic and human factors.

(Science, Technology, and Society) Students will understand how societies have influenced and been influenced by scientific developments and technological developments.

Apply key concepts such as chronology, causality, and conflict to identify patterns of historical change.

Apply knowledge of the past to explain current events.

Explain the causes of significant historical and current political events and issues.

Utilize primary and secondary sources in historical research.

Examine historical resources for a point of view, context, bias (including gender and race), distortion, or propaganda.

Differentiate between historical facts and historical interpretations.

Analyze multiple interpretations of an historical or current event.

Analyze quantitative data to answer questions about history.

Explain forces that result in world interaction (such as those related to the environment, belief systems, economics, geography/land, ethnicity/race/gender, culture, and balance of power).

Explain how historical legacies have facilitated understanding or caused misunderstanding (slavery in the United States, Nazi Germany, etc.).

Explain how international trade and resource distribution can influence cooperation or conflict.

Explain tensions between national sovereignty and global interest.

Identify issues and standards related to human rights.

Use appropriate data sources and tools to generate, manipulate, and interpret geographic information such as the location of, size of, and distances between places.

Describe social effects of environmental changes and crises resulting from natural phenomena.

Explain voluntary and involuntary migration and its effects on the physical and human characteristics of a place.

Evaluate conventional and alternative uses of land and water resources in the community, region and beyond.

Describe ways that human events have influenced, and been influenced by, physical and human geographic conditions in local, regional, national, and global settings.

Analyze the structure and characteristics of different populations and population patterns.

Analyze the structure and characteristics of a population over time.

Identify and explain how changes people make in the physical environment in one place can cause changes in other places.

Examine the interaction between people and the environment and understand how people both shape and are shaped by the environment that they live in.

Explain behavioral norms and taboos in different cultures.

Analyze ways that people have maintained their traditions and resisted external challenges (e.g. wars, generational gaps, or migration patterns.)

Explain the influence different cultural or ethnic groups living in the same society have had on one another.

Evaluate the impact of globalization on different cultures and populations.

Examine the major religions of the world in terms of their beliefs, rituals and sacred texts.

Analyze how a major movement in literature, music, and the visual arts influenced social values.

Explain how cultural attitudes, values, and beliefs influence personal behavior and the development of personal identity.

Describe how sociological circumstances (race, ethnicity, gender, class, etc.) influence an individual's perceptions of and reactions to the world.

Recognize the foundations of one's own and others' viewpoints.

Understand the impact of conformity, and non‐conformity on individuals and groups.

Analyze the accuracies and inaccuracies of stereotyping (race, ethnicity, gender, class, etc.)

Examine how socialization influences choice in personal identity.

Explain and analyze strengths and weaknesses of various kinds of governance systems in terms of the purposes they are designed to serve.

Explain how different types of government acquire, use, and justify power.

Describe major issues involving rights, responsibilities, roles, and status of the individual in relation to the general welfare.

Know functions and responsibilities of government leaders and public servants.

Explain how public agendas are set and shaped.

Define citizenship in terms of its legal and political status and criteria used to grant naturalized citizenship.

Describe important documentary sources of human rights, including the English Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of Rights of man and Citizen, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Analyze effects of participation in civic and political life (boycotts, civil disobedience, etc.). 

Describe economic effects of environmental changes and crises resulting from natural phenomena.

Explain economic reasons for voluntary migration.

Evaluate conventional and alternative uses of resources.

Describe historical and contemporary economic systems.

Explain primary causes of world trade.

Describe global patterns of resource distribution and use.

Explain how governments and markets allocate limited resources among competing wants and needs.

Explain prerequisites for the adoption of a particular technology (social need, social resources, cultural attitude, etc.)

Describe the process whereby adoption of scientific knowledge and use of technologies influence cultures, the environment, economies, and balance of power.

Evaluate the need for laws and policies to govern technological applications.

Describe how technologies might have effects and uses other than those intended.

Explain the concept "pace of change".