LA09: Freshman Language Arts

LA09: Freshman Language Arts

LA09.A: Reading Literary Text

LA09.B: Reading Informational Text

LA09.C: Writing

LA09.D: Speaking and Listening

LA09.E: Language

LA09.A.1: cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text

LA09.A.2: determine a theme or central idea of a text and closely analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text

LA09.A.3: analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme

LA09.A.4: determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone)

LA09.A.5: analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise

LA09.A.6: analyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature

LA09.A.7: analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums (e.g., Auden's poem "Musee des Beaux Arts" and Breughel's painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus), including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment

LA09.A.8: analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare)

LA09.A.9: read and comprehend literature and literary nonfiction, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 9-10 text complexity band independently and proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range, by the end of grade 9

LA09.B.10: cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text

LA09.B.11: determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text

LA09.B.12: analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them

LA09.B.13: determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper)

LA09.B.14: analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter)

LA09.B.15: determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose

LA09.B.16: analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person's life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account

LA09.B.17: delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning

LA09.B.18: analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech, King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Nelson Mandela's Nobel Peace Prize Speech, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights), including how they address related themes and concepts

LA09.B.19: read and comprehend informational texts in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently by the end of grade 9

LA09.C.20: write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence

LA09.C.21: write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content

LA09.C.22: write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events, using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences

LA09.C.23: produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience

LA09.C.24: develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience

LA09.C.25: use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically

LA09.C.26: conduct short, as well as more sustained, research projects to answer questions (including self-generated questions) or solve problems; narrow or broaden inquiries when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subjects, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation

LA09.C.27: gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citations

LA09.C.28: draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research

LA09.C.29: write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences

LA09.D.30: initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (e.g., one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively

LA09.D.30: initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (e.g., one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9-10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively

LA09.D.32: evaluate and/or reflect on a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence

LA09.D.33: present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task

LA09.D.34: make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest

LA09.D.35: adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate

LA09.E.36: demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking

LA09.E.37: demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing

LA09.E.38: apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, to comprehend more fully when reading or listening

LA09.E.39: determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies

LA09.E.40: demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings

LA09.E.41: acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression

LA09.B.18.a: relate a literary work to primary source documents of its literary period or historical setting

LA09.C.20.a: introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence

LA09.C.20.b: develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns

LA09.C.20.c: use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims

LA09.C.20.d: establish and maintain an appropriate style and objective tone, while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing

LA09.C.20.e: provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented

LA09.C.21.a: introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension

LA09.C.21.b: develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic

LA09.C.21.c: use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts

LA09.C.21.d: use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic

LA09.C.21.e: establish and maintain an appropriate style and objective tone

LA09.C.21.f: use documents to clarify details or support claims

LA09.C.21.g: provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic)

LA09.C.22.a: engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events

LA09.C.22.b: use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters

LA09.C.22.c: use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole

LA09.C.22.d: use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters

LA09.C.22.e: provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative

LA09.C.28.a: apply grades 9-10 reading standards to literature and literary nonfiction (e.g., analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare])

LA09.C.28.b: apply grades 9-10 reading standards to informational texts (e.g., delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning")

LA09.C.28.c: produce a written critical analysis to literature and literary nonfiction that draws evidence from the text

LA09.C.28.d: produce a written critical analysis to informational texts that draws evidence from the text

LA09.C.28.e: produce a written reflection to literature and literary nonfiction that reflects on the meaning and value of a piece of writing

LA09.C.28.f: produce a written reflection to informational texts that reflects on the meaning and value of a piece of writing

LA09.D.30.a: come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas

LA09.D.30.b: work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed

LA09.D.30.c: propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others into the discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions

LA09.D.30.d: respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented

LA09.E.36.a: use parallel structure

LA09.E.36.b: use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations

LA09.E.37.a: use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses

LA09.E.37.b: use a colon to introduce a list or quotation

LA09.E.37.c: spell correctly

LA09.E.37.d: produce legible work

LA09.E.38.a: write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian's Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type

LA09.E.39.a: use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase

LA09.E.39.b: use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words or phrases (e.g., submarine, submerge, suburban)

LA09.E.39.c: identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy)

LA09.E.39.d: consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology

LA09.E.39.e: verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary)

LA09.E.40.a: interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text

LA09.E.40.b: analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations