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Pearson EDEXCEL GCSE History (9-1) Option P5: Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95
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HIS.9-1.P5
Option P5: Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95
HIS.9-1.P5.1
Key topic 1: The birth of the state of Israel, 1945–63
HIS.9-1.P5.2
Key topic 2: The escalating conflict, 1964–73
HIS.9-1.P5.3
Key topic 3: Attempts at a solution, 1974–95
HIS.9-1.P5.1a
The British withdrawal and the creation of Israel
HIS.9-1.P5.1b
Aftermath of the 1948–49 war
HIS.9-1.P5.1c
Increased tension, 1955–63
HIS.9-1.P5.2a
The Six Day War, 1967
HIS.9-1.P5.2b
Aftermath of the 1967 war
HIS.9-1.P5.2c
Israel and Egypt, 1967-73
HIS.9-1.P5.3a
Diplomatic negotiations
HIS.9-1.P5.3b
The Palestinian issue
HIS.9-1.P5.3c
Attempts at a solution
HIS.9-1.P5.1a.1
Conflicting interests and demands of Jews and Arabs within the British Mandate.
HIS.9-1.P5.1a.2
Key events leading to the end of the British Mandate, partition and the creation of Israel, including the significance of the bombing of the King David Hotel and UN Resolution 181
HIS.9-1.P5.1a.3
Key events of the Arab-Israeli war (1948–49)
HIS.9-1.P5.1b.1
Territorial changes and their impact. The refugee status of Palestinian Arabs.
HIS.9-1.P5.1b.2
The creation of the Israeli Defence Forces and the Law of Return. US aid to Israel.
HIS.9-1.P5.1b.3
Israel’s relations with Egypt.
HIS.9-1.P5.1c.1
Nasser and Egypt’s leadership of the Arab world.
HIS.9-1.P5.1c.2
The events and significance of Israeli attacks on Gaza in 1955 and Sinai in 1956.
HIS.9-1.P5.1c.3
The events and significance of the Suez Crisis (1956), including the formation of the UAR in 1958.
HIS.9-1.P5.2a.1
The significance of the Cairo Conference (1964). Escalating tension between Israel, Syria and Jordan: Syria’s support for Fatah, Israel’s raid on Samu and events of 7 April 1967.
HIS.9-1.P5.2a.2
The actions of the USSR, Nasser and the USA in the period leading to war.
HIS.9-1.P5.2a.3
Key events of the war
HIS.9-1.P5.2b.1
UN Resolution 242 and continued dispute over the Suez Canal.
HIS.9-1.P5.2b.2
Palestinian refugees and the significance of the occupied territories: Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Sinai and East Jerusalem.
HIS.9-1.P5.2b.3
The use of terrorism, Israel’s response and international attitudes towards the Palestine issue: the PFLP airplane hijacks of 1970; Black September and the Munich Olympics. The expulsion of the PLO from Jordan (1970).
HIS.9-1.P5.2c.1
Egyptian relations with Israel, the USA, the USSR and other Arab states.
HIS.9-1.P5.2c.2
Israel’s consolidation of control of the occupied territories.
HIS.9-1.P5.2c.3
Key events of the Yom Kippur War (1973) and its aftermath.
HIS.9-1.P5.3a.1
The significance of the oil crisis and the involvement of the USA and the USSR.
HIS.9-1.P5.3a.2
Kissinger, ‘shuttle diplomacy’ and the reopening of the Suez Canal.
HIS.9-1.P5.3a.3
Sadat’s visit to Israel (1977), Begin’s visit to Egypt (1977), US President Carter and Camp David (1978) and the Treaty of Washington (1979).
HIS.9-1.P5.3b.1
Arafat’s speech to the UN (1974). The significance of PLO activities in Lebanon.
HIS.9-1.P5.3b.2
Israeli reprisals, the invasion of Lebanon (1982) and the results
HIS.9-1.P5.3b.3
The Israeli occupied territories and the First Palestinian Intifada (1987–93).
HIS.9-1.P5.3c.1
The significance of Arafat’s renunciation of terrorism in a speech at the UN (1988).
HIS.9-1.P5.3c.2
Changing superpower policies in the Middle East: US involvement in the Gulf War (1991), and the end of the Cold War.
HIS.9-1.P5.3c.3
Arafat, Rabin and the Oslo Accords (1993); the setting up of the Palestinian National Authority; Israel-Jordan peace treaty (1994); Oslo II (1995).
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