Standard set
Musculoskeletal Sonography
Standards
Showing 128 of 128 standards.
a
Define and describe the sonographic characteristics of the components of the musculoskeletal system.
b
Demonstrate knowledge of the anisotropic effect and the ability to distinguish this artifact from normal variants and pathology.
c
Identify anatomical structures, nerves and vascular supply, normal sonographic appearances, normal Doppler patterns, measurements (and contralateral comparison when applicable), and changes with the dynamic assessment.
d
Demonstrate knowledge of the physiology, pathophysiology, sonographic technique, measurements, sonographic appearances, and Doppler patterns in musculoskeletal injuries and disease processes.
e
Identify sonographic and Doppler patterns in clinical diseases, injury, and post-surgical changes that may occur in the following categories.
f
Demonstrate knowledge in sonographic guided procedures
g
Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses
h
Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of sonographic examinations of the musculoskeletal system, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of:
a.1
Bursae
a.2
Cartilage
a.3
Fascia
a.4
Fat pads
a.5
Ligaments
a.6
Muscles
a.7
Retinaculum
a.8
Tendons
a.9
Nerves
a.10
Lymph nodes
a.11
Types of joints
c.1
Abdominal wall
c.2
Shoulder
c.3
Upper arm
c.4
Elbow
c.5
Forearm
c.6
Wrist
c.7
Hands
c.8
Fingers
c.9
Hip, to include groin and pelvis
c.10
Upper leg
c.11
Knee
c.12
Lower leg
c.13
Ankle
c.14
Foot
c.15
Toes
d.1
Abdominal wall
d.2
Shoulder
d.3
Upper arm
d.4
Elbow
d.5
Forearm
d.6
Wrist
d.7
Hands
d.8
Fingers
d.9
Hip, to include groin and pelvis
d.10
Upper leg
d.11
Knee
d.12
Lower leg
d.13
Ankle
d.14
Foot
d.15
Toes
e.1
Bone pathology
e.2
Cartilage
e.3
Crystal deposits
e.4
Cystic structures
e.5
Fluid collections
e.6
Foreign bodies
e.7
Hernias
e.8
Infections
e.9
Joint effusions
e.10
Joint laxity/altered function
e.11
Ligament pathology and tears
e.12
Masses/neoplastic processes
e.13
Muscle pathology and tears
e.14
Neuromas
e.15
Nerve pathology and entrapment
e.16
Soft tissue pathology
e.17
Subcutaneous abnormalities
e.18
Synovitis
e.19
Synovial proliferation
e.20
Tendon pathology, tears, and calcifications
e.21
Vascular malformations
f.1
Role of sonographer
f.2
Clinical information
f.3
Informed consent
f.4
Procedural time out
f.5
Transducer guidance
f.6
Sterile setup
f.7
Pre-and post-procedural documentation
f.8
Procedures
g.1
Indications and contraindications
g.2
History and physical examination
g.3
Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures
g.4
Clinical differential diagnosis
g.5
Role of sonography in patient management
h.1
Identification of anatomical and relational structures
h.2
Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process
h.3
Image optimization techniques in grayscale
h.4
Image optimization techniques in Doppler (where applicable)
h.5
Dynamic or provocative maneuvers
h.6
Evaluate bony surface irregularities (where applicable)
f.8.a
Ablation
f.8.b
Aspiration
f.8.c
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection
f.8.d
Dry needling
f.8.e
Biopsy
f.8.f
Nerve mapping
f.8.g
Nerve block
f.8.h
Surgical planning
h.6.a
Abdominal wall
h.6.b
Shoulder
h.6.c
Elbow
h.6.d
Hands and fingers
h.6.e
Hip, to include groin and pelvis
h.6.f
Knee
h.6.g
Foot
h.6.h
Neuromuscular
h.6.a.1
Valsalva maneuver to assess for ventral hernia
h.6.b.1
Biceps subluxation – Rotate arm in external and internal rotation
h.6.b.2
Supraspinatus impingement – Arm abduction
h.6.b.3
Acromioclavicular joint – Cross-arm maneuver
h.6.b.4
Posterior labrum – Rotate arm in external and internal rotation
h.6.c.1
Ulnar nerve subluxation—Flexion and extension
h.6.c.2
Ulnotrochlear joint--Valgus stress
h.6.c.3
Radiocapitellar joint – Varus stress
h.6.c.4
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) subluxation – Pronation to supination
h.6.d.1
Trigger finger—Flexion & extension
h.6.d.2
Stenner lesion—Valgus stress of ulnar collateral ligament
h.6.e.1
Valsalva maneuver when to assess for inguinal or femoral hernia
h.6.e.2
Iliopsoas snapping—hip flexion with external rotation and abduction followed by hip extension and internal rotation
h.6.e.3
Iliotibial band snapping—hip flexion and extension or symptom-driven dynamic maneuver
h.6.f.1
Anterior – Flexion and extension to evaluate the patellar tendon
h.6.f.2
Lateral – Lateral compartment joint space
h.6.f.3
Ankle
h.6.f.4
Lateral – Peroneal tendon subluxation evaluation during eversion circumduction
h.6.f.5
Medial – Dorsiflexion and inversion to check for tibialis posterior tendon instability
h.6.f.6
Posterior – Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion to evaluate the Achilles tendon
h.6.g.1
Dorsiflex the 2-4 metatarsophalageal joint (MTP) to evaluate tendon movement, the integrity of the plantar plate, and for plantar tears
h.6.h.1
Peripheral neuropathies
h.6.h.2
Compression disorders